Q1. What is
Electronics?
Ans: The study and use of electrical
devices that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically
charged particles.
Q2. What is meant
by D-FF?
Ans: D-flip flop stands for Delay
flip-flop, it delays input by one clock pulse.
Q3. What are the functions
of Base Station System (BSS)?
Ans: Functions of BSS are as follows:
- Radio path control.
- BTS and TC control.
- Connection establishment with MS-NSS.
- Mobility management, speech transcending.
- Connection of statistical data.
Q4. Define the
terms.
Ans:
- Resistor: A resistor is an electrical
component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an
electronic circuit.
- Capacitor : A capacitor is a
passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an
electrostatic field.
- Diode: A diode is a semiconductor
device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one
direction only.
- Transistor: A transistor is a semiconductor device that regulates
current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals.
Q5. What is the
basic difference between Latches and Flip flops?
Ans: Latches are monostable and
flip-flops are bistable
Q6. What is
wireless communication concept ?
Ans:Wireless communication is the transfer
of information between two or more points that are not connected by any
physical medium.Wireless communications can be via:
- Radio communication.
- Microwave communication.
- Light, Visible and Infrared communication.
Q7. What are the
parts of Network Management System (NMS)?
Ans: Following are the parts of
network management system:
- OMC: Operation and maintenance center – Computerized monitoring
center.
- NMC: Network Management Center – Centralized control of a network
is done here.
- OSS: Operation and support system – Used for supporting activities
performed in an OMC and/or NMC.
Q8. What is a
signal?
Ans: A signal is an electric current
or electromagnetic field used to convey data from one place to another.
Q9. What is a multiplexer?
Ans: It is used to multiplex data from
different sources normally used in TDM.
Q10. What do you
mean by frequency reuse ?
Ans: Each cellular Base Station is
allocated a group of radio channels to be used. These radio channels can be
used by another base station which is at a suitable distance away from it.
Q11. What is
sampling?
Ans: The process of obtaining a set of
samples from a continuous function of time x(t) is referred to as sampling.
Q12. What is
Race-around problem? How can you rectify it?
Ans: Race around condition occurs in a
JK flip-flop when both the inputs are set to '1', it can be rectified using
edge-triggered flip-flop or using master-slave flip-flops.
Q13. What do you
mean by Handoff ?
Ans: When a mobile moves into a
different cell while a conversation is in progress, the Mobile
Switching Center automatically transfers the call to a new channel
belonging to the new Base Station.
Types of handoff:-
Hard Handoff
Soft Handoff.
Q14. State
sampling theorem.
Ans: It states that, while taking the
samples of a continuous signal, it has to be taken care that the sampling rate
is equal to or greater than twice the cut off frequencyand the minimum
sampling rate is known as the Nyquist rate.
Q15. How can you
convert an JK Flip-flop to a D Flip-flop?
Ans: Connect J to D and K to not(D)
Q16. What is
cut-off frequency?
Ans: The frequency at which
the response is -3dB with respect to the maximum response.
Q17. What do you
mean by zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown?
Ans: zener breakdown takes place when
very high voltage is applied to the diode this results in very high reverse
current, as voltage is further increased minority carriers gain further
momentum and strike atoms releases more carriers, which results in further
increase in temp. It becomes vicious cycle and leads to avalanche breakdown or
on other words "thermal runaway".
Q18. What are the
different types of transmission impairment ?
Ans: When the received signal is not
as same as the transmitted signal then it is known as Transmission impairment.
Three different types of transmission impairment are:-
- Attenuation.
- Noise.
- Delay Distortion.
Q19. What is pass
band?
Ans: Passband is the range
of frequencies or wavelengths that can pass through
a filter without being attenuated.
Q20. Explain the
steps involved in demodulating a signal.
Ans: Once the signal is coded,
modulated and then sent, the receiver must demodulate the signal. This is
usually done in two steps: Spectrum spreading (e.g., direct sequence or
frequency hopping) modulation is removed.The remaining information bearing
signal is demodulated by multiplying with a local reference identical in
structure and synchronized with received signal.
Q21. What is
impulse response?
Ans: Response given by a digital
system when impulse signal is applied to it. Used to find out stability of
system.
Q22. What do you
mean by half-duplex and full-duplex communication?
Ans: Half-duplex: either
sender or receiver can use the channel at one time eg walky-talky and
Full-duplex: sender or receiver or both can use the
channel at one time eg telephone).
Q23. What is Diode?
Ans: Diode is a two terminal electronic
component which allows current to flow in one direction.
It acts as a one way switch.
Types of Diode:
Laser Diode
Gunn Diode
Light Emitting Diode
Q24.
What is Transistor?
Ans: A
transistor is an semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals.
Types:
·
Bi-polar Junction Transistor(BJT)
·
Field Effect Transistor(FET)
·
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)
Q25.
What is Oscillator?
Ans: An
Oscillator is a circuit which produces AC waveform as output without any input.
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